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insideBritannica
get inside: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles
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 | Pictured: Henry Ford.
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The transition to the modern machine age began with the railroad in the 19th century, accelerated with the invention of flight with its need for new alloys and more compact power sources, and reached a new level of sophistication with the mass-production of the automobile. With October 1 marking the 99th anniversary of the introduction of the Model T by Henry Ford, Inside Britannica takes a look at the evolution of transportation and the individuals who helped facilitate its rapid growth.
Railroads
The earliest railroads reinforced transportation patterns that had developed centuries before, filling in the gaps left by waterway transport. Used as a means to transport both freight and passengers, railroads became an indispensable part of the industrialization movement. Among the early technologies and railroads were:
Airplanes
While man has always been fascinated with flight, the first serious research into aerodynamics can be traced to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries with names such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton. Over the last 100 years, air travel has evolved from its humble beginnings on the beaches of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to the outer reaches of space. Key moments and individuals in the history of flight include:
Automobiles
Unlike many other major inventions, the original idea of the automobile cannot be attributed to a single individual, and refinements in manufacturing and materials over the years have led to the passenger car emerging as the primary means of family transportation, with more than half a billion in operation worldwide. Advancements in automobile manufacturing and the individuals primarily responsible for its growth include:
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Henry Ford changed the American way of life with his practical and affordable cars.
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On December 17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first piloted flight in a plane he and his brother Wilbur designed.
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 | | Pictured: Daedalus and Icarus, antique bas-relief; in the Villa Albani, Rome. Alinari/Art Resource, New York
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In Greek mythology, Daedalus fashioned wings from wax and feathers that enabled him and his son Icarus to fly, at least until Icarus ventured too near the Sun and melted his wings. Over the ensuing millennia, the concept of flying like a bird, with flapping artificial wings, was pursued by many adventurers, including Leonardo da Vinci. Modern heavier-than-air flight finally became possible when flapping wings were given up as a means of providing lift in favor of fixed wings, together with a gasoline engine that could power a propellor to pull an airplane through the air.
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Walking and Other Philosophical Exercises
by Gregory McNamee
“Even the longest journey begins with a single step,” the proverb has it. That’s just so, for the most memorable travel is undertaken on foot at a leisurely pace, the senses open to every possibility. Walking makes for wonderful exercise—but more, can turn any of us into a philosopher... (read more)
The Britannica Blog is a place to share smart, lively conversations on just about any topic.
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Celebrate Hispanic Heritage Month with Britannica!
In September, Britannica is celebrating Hispanic Heritage Month (September 15 - October 15) with its Spotlight, Encyclopaedia Britannica's Guide to Hispanic Heritage in the Americas.
This feature explores the people, places, events, and traditions that have shaped - and continue to shape - the vibrant Hispanic culture that thrives today in South, Central, and North America. Read and learn about writers, artists, political and business leaders such as Diego Rivera, Hugo Chavez, and Celia Cruz. Learn about various Latin American countries, historical events, and cultural celebrations.
In addition to a wide array of articles, this Spotlight also contains essays, speeches, images, videos, related websites, and learning activities!
Try it today!
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2007 Britannica Student Encyclopedia
Entertaining and informative, the new Britannica Student Encyclopedia helps elementary and middle school children gain a better understanding of their world. Created by Britannica’s editors, this 16-volume, A-Z encyclopedia makes knowledge easily accessible to all students in grades 3-6.
More than 2,250 captivating articles are the perfect resource for homework help, assignments, and satisfying the curiosity of young learners. Children are sure to immerse themselves in 2,700 photos, charts, and tables that help explain concepts and subjects, as well as 1,200 maps and flags from across the globe.
Order the 2007 Britannica Student Encyclopedia now for only $399 (regularly $499), and get S&H for $19. Please mention the promotion code SEPTEMBER when ordering.
Call Britannica at 1-800-621-3900 or go online to www.eb.com to place your order now.
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