April 2006
"They had no homes to return to. Their communities had been shattered, their homes destroyed or occupied by strangers, and their families decimated and dispersed. First came the often long and difficult physical recuperation from starvation and malnutrition, then the search for loved ones lost or missing, and finally the question of the future."
—from Britannica's article "Holocaust," by Michael Berenbaum, Former Director, U.S. Holocaust Institute

Tuesday, April 25, 2006 is Holocaust Remembrance Day. It marks the killing of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazis in World War II. One of the darkest chapters in human history, the Holocaust is explored in depth in Encyclopædia Britannica's new Web feature "Reflections on the Holocaust".
Heroes and Martyrs of the Holocaust:

• This advocate of armed Jewish resistance was the principal leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, which temporarily halted the deportation of Polish Jews to extermination camps.

• This longtime Nazi hunter, with the cooperation of the Israeli, West German, and other governments, tracked down some 1,000 war criminals.

• This young Jewish girl's diary of her family's hiding during the German occupation of The Netherlands became world famous. She died of typhus at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp only weeks before it was liberated.

• This legendary Swedish diplomat sheltered anywhere between 4,000 and 35,000 Hungarian Jews in "protected houses" that flew the flags of Sweden and other neutral countries.

• This hero and survivor of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising worked to alert Jewish leaders abroad to the plight of Jews inside Nazi Europe. He also served as a witness in the 1961 trial against Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann.

Shed light on the important topics of today and yesterday, as Britannica documents the history of the Holocaust. Learn more about:

• The history of Nazi Germany, anti-Semitism, and the so-called "final solution."

• The chronology of events at Belzec, Chelmno, Treblinka, and other extermination camps.

• The reasons why Auschwitz wasn't bombed and the background to this controversial decision.

• Survivors such as Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and the manifestation of the Holocaust in art and literature.

• Perpetrators of the Holocaust, including Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring, and Heinrich Himmler.


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Caution: Photographic images and video footage throughout our coverage of the Holocaust can be very graphic.
Note: Videos and animations may require Quicktime, Windows Media, or Real Player.


New Britannica Spotlight Encyclopædia Britannica is proud to present a new Spotlight on one of history's darkest chapters, the Holocaust. Central to this feature is an overview article by Britannica's Holocaust advisor, Dr. Michael Berenbaum, the former director of the Holocaust Research Institute at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, former president of the Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation, and author of The World Must Know and Witness to the Holocaust, among other books.

This Spotlight is presented in five sections, covering everything from the origins of the Holocaust in Hitler's mind, to the art that arose from the survivors' memories. "Reflections on the Holocaust" also includes discussion questions, photos and videos. See it now.


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In the aftermath of the Holocaust, this German city was the scene of the Allied trials of German war criminals. The defendants made up a miniscule fraction of those who had perpetrated the crimes. In the eyes of many, these trials were a desperate, inadequate, but necessary effort to restore a semblance of justice in the aftermath of so great a crime.
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