October 2005
"At last this terrible darkness was dissipated by degrees like a cloud of smoke. The real day returned, and even the sun appeared, though very faintly, as if there were an eclipse. Everything that appeared before our eyes (which were weak and trembling) seemed to be changed, being covered over with white ashes as with deep snow."
Pliny the Younger, Eyewitness
Just after midday on August 24, AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted in a great explosion. Fragments of ash, pumice, and other volcanic debris poured down from the volcano and quickly covered the ancient Roman city of Pompeii.

Pompeii remained buried under a layer of pumice stones and ash 19 to 23 feet (6 to 7 metres) deep. The city's sudden burial served to protect it for the next 17 centuries from vandalism, looting, and the destructive effects of climate and weather.

Travel back in time to Pompeii for an inside look at daily life in the ancient city and experience first-hand its ultimate destruction.


A Model Roman City
By AD 79, Pompeii had become a prosperous commercial center with an industrious, creative and growing population. At the time of its destruction, the city supported between 10,000 and 20,000 inhabitants. Visit a computer-generated model of Pompeii for an inside view of daily life in the Roman Empire.

The Day of Destruction
Unaware of approaching disaster, the inhabitants of Pompeii were proceeding with life as usual the day Vesuvius erupted. Get an inside view of life in Pompeii during the moments before the eruption.

Eyewitness Account
Learning of an unusual cloud formation—later found to have resulted from an eruption of Mount Vesuvius—noted Roman scholar, Pliny the Elder, went ashore at Stabiae to ascertain the cause and to reassure the terrified citizens. He was said to have been overcome by the fumes resulting from the volcanic activity. Join his nephew, Pliny the Younger, for a vivid eyewitness account of the destruction.

Deaths at Vesuvius
Shortly after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, surges of pyroclastic material and heated gas, known as nuées ardentes, reached the city walls and quickly asphyxiated those residents who had not been killed by falling debris. Gain insight from modern volcanologists as they describe how so many people died at Pompeii.


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Buried Alive!
Britannica Classics compiles excerpts from past editions of Encyclopædia Britannica's coverage of the eruption of Vesuvius. In order to give the fullest picture of the effects of the devastating eruption of AD 79, the following excerpts are drawn from the articles on Vesuvius, Pompeii, and Herculaneum, which at first was regarded as a more important site than Pompeii. Learn More.
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This city , Italy's third largest, is situated between two areas of volcanic activity: Mount Vesuvius to the east and the Campi Flegrei to the northwest. The most recent eruption of Vesuvius occurred in 1944, damaging the city and its outlying towns. More than two million people live in the area around the active Vesuvius, whose fertile slopes are covered with vineyards and orchards.
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