July 2005
On July 14th, France and its overseas départements and territories celebrated Bastille Day. The date commemorates the capture of the Bastille, a state prison in Paris that fell to a mob on July 14, 1789, signaling the end of the reign of Louis XVI and the beginning of the French Revolution.

In addition to Bastille Day, several other national and independence days are celebrated during the month of July, including: Canada (July 1), the United States (July 4), Venezuela (July 5), and Liberia (July 26). Many of these celebrations commemorate those who had the courage to fight oppression and the faith to pursue liberty at any cost. Encyclopædia Britannica gives you an inside look at some of the revolutionaries who have altered the course of nations, societies, and the world.
Do you know these revolutionaries?

This soldier and statesman, known to many as The Liberator, led revolutions against Spanish rule in New Granada (Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia), Peru, and Upper Peru (Bolivia).

This opposition leader brought international attention to the struggle for human rights and the restoration of democracy in Myanmar. An advocate of civil disobedience, she was under house arrest in Yangon when she was awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize for Peace.

This Shawnee Indian chief, orator, military leader, and advocate of intertribal Indian alliance led the most dramatic of the Native American struggles to hold their lands against the white man.

This Zulu chief, teacher and religious leader was president of the African National Congress (1952-60) in South Africa. He was the first African to be awarded a Nobel Prize for Peace (1960), in recognition of his nonviolent struggle against apartheid policies.


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Join Che Guevara, ambassador of the Cuban Revolution, as he meets with world leaders to speak about the need for Third World revolutions.
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Watch Lech Walesa and the Solidarity trade union chip away at Soviet domination of Eastern Europe.
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Join Mohandas Gandhi in his non-violent struggle toward Indian independence in the 1930s.
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Born into an ancient noble family and rarely referred to by his somewhat unwieldy birth name, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch- Gilbert du Motier, this French aristocrat fought with the American colonists against the British in the American Revolution. Later, by allying himself with the revolutionary bourgeoisie, he became one of the most powerful men in France during the first few years of the French Revolution.
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